If a curious person meets a brick wall in her family history research, there is no telling at the beginning where that might lead. Not immediately finding the historical record that would answer this question: “Who was Dr. John1 Stewart?” resulted in one question leading to another, until I found myself immersed in the fascinating world of seventeenth century Long Island culture, full of interesting characters including the Scudder family and with unexpected plot twists to enrich appreciation for my roots and this segment of the history of America’s foundation.

Nobody knew Dr. John1 Stewart better than his wife Elizabeth3 Alburtus (John2, Pietro1) did. Because we know more about her life prior to their marriage than we do about his, we begin their family’s history with what the records tell us about her and her birth family and Newtown environment.

This timeline of events in the birth family of John2 Alburtus (Pietro1), that includes data for Elizabeth3 A. Stewart’s Scudder and Alburtus aunts and uncles, and her own birth family’s events, illustrates what was going on in town and in her family. It provides historical, social and geographical context and the neighborhood atmosphere of her early childhood.

As Ms. Overton says, “No history of Long Island, religious or secular, would be complete that failed to record the part played by the steadfast, sturdy group of men and women whom Peter Stuvesant and others of his day dubbed ‘the heretical and abominable sect called Quakers;’” neither would the history of Dr. John1 and Elizabeth3 (Alburtus) Stewart be complete without mentioning the Quaker influence in the family of her mother’s parents, John2 Scudder I and Mary2 (King) Scudder

While records imply that religious affiliations of Dr. John1 and Elizabeth3 A. Stewart may have evolved over time, research to learn more exposed religious and social undercurrents in early Newtown, L.I. that are relevant to the history of Elizabeth3 (Alburtus) Stewart’s mother’s Scudder family. These give context to religious issues and other records later in Dr. John1 and Elizabeth A. Stewart’s history.

It may not be coincidence that the first record that documents Dr. John1 Stewart at Newtown was in company with members of the John2 and Mary2 (King) Scudder family. Stewart witnessed on 1 February 1688/90 a quick claim deed between John3 Scudder II and his sister-in-law Phebe3 (Titus) Scudder, widow of Samuel3 Scudder.

The 250-year story of the Scudder family, from 1526 to 1776, can represent many colonial American families and progressively document the common peoples’ responses to sovereign oppression against rights of conscience, that, in due time, contributed to the rise of American Independence.

THEIR HERITAGE EXTENDS FROM ENGLAND TO MASSACHUSETTS TO NEW NETHERLAND–NEW YORK TO NEW JERSEY
John3 Scudder’s parents and Joanna2 Bett’s mother were teenagers when they immigrated to Massachusetts with their families and 20,000 Puritans who had left the tumult of their homeland. Their family’s story deserves preserving within its historical, family, social and religious contexts.

The Puritan movement in England, and its related Puritan migration to Massachusetts Bay Colony, were the impetus that brought Richard4 Scudder’s great-grandparents to Boston Harbor. Richard4’s parents, John3 Scudder and Joanna2 (Betts) Scudder, were the first generation in their families born in America.

The Rev. Henry1 Scudder was a highly renowned Puritan voice in his era, known for his widely read how-to-book about the rewards of living a Christian life every day and for his impeccable Christian character. Therefore, it is not surprising that he was among the first group called by Parliament to be in the Westminster Assembly of Divines who were tasked with reconciling differences between the religious factions during the English Civil Wars.

John3 Scudder II was born at Salem, Massachusetts in 1645. His parents were John2 Scudder (Thomas1 (T) and Mary2 King (William1), both of whom were teenagers when they arrived at Boston Harbor with their parents and siblings.

John3 Scudder II was in the first generation of both sides of his family to be born in America. John3 Scudder’s father, John2 Scudder I was a teenager when he immigrated with his father, Thomas1 Scudder (T), the immigrant ancestor of the Scudder (T) Line in America, and his wife Elizabeth ___? whose maiden name is not known. (Thomas (T)’s wife’s name is not Lowers or Somers as corrected by Scudder Association publications for over fifty years). John3 Scudder,

Richard4 Scudder was born 1670/71 in Maspeth Kills, one of several villages in the town of Newtown, Long Island, the son of John3 Scudder and Joanna2 Betts (Richard1). In 1691, he married Hannah Reeder, daughter of John Reeder and Joanna Burroughs of Newtown. Rev. Eli F. Cooley nicknamed him Richard “Betts” Scudder in Genealogy of Early Settlers of Trenton and Ewing, “Old Hunterdon County,” New Jersey.

Transcribed from a copy of the original obtained from the NJ State Archives: Probate File 354J.
This copy has Richard Scudder’s mark, witness and executor signatures, the Judge’s signature, and indications of seals. There is another hand copied version labeled Probate Recorded Vol 7 p. 443. Transcribed by Clive Connor on March 11, 2023. Original capitalization and spellings were used with corrections in brackets as needed for clarification.

There were at least eighteen grandchildren of Richard4 (Betts) Scudder and Hannah Reeder—9 girls and 9 boys. Most of the boys took active roles in the Revolutionary War and their service will be the subject of another article. Richard4 (Betts) Scudder’s oldest granddaughter was Deborah6, daughter of Richard5 II Scudder, and was born in 1721 in Hunterdon, NJ.

The American army was in precarious condition in Pennsylvania, just across the Delaware River from New Jersey. Its numbers were estimated to have dwindled from 30,000 in the summer to 3,000. Washington’s soldiers were not well furnished, having had to leave supplies as they fled New York

Deborah6 Scudder was born in 1721, Hunterdon Co., N.J. She is the only known child of Richard5 Scudder II, who died in 1731 when Deborah6 was age ten. (The name of Deborah6’s mother is unknown.) After her father’s death, Deborah6 apparently was raised by her grandfather, Richard4 (Betts) Scudder, in his home at Scudder’s Falls, Hopewell Twp, Hunterdon.

Memorabilia for Scudder Falls, New Jersey from the Scudder Association Archives

This abbreviated timeline of events in the life of Isaiah1 Harrison, Sr., while living at Long Island, begins in 1684 in company with the Scudder family of Huntington, interesting given their relationship to Samuel2 Stewart, a future son-in-law of Isaiah1, Sr.

Francis Burton Harrison explored the first two questions in a series of articles and stated:
Nearly every family in the new world which cherishes a memory of its past history, has some more or less shadowy legend of its own, handed down from generation to generation. Such stories cannot be dismissed with complete indifference because they often contain some kernel of truth. …

When it comes to discussing Isaiah1 Harrison, Sr. and his alleged father Rev. Thomas Harrison with other Harrisons in New England and Virginia in the 1600s, old myths about relationships between “four brothers” who came to America surface. Charles Keith, The Ancestry of Benjamin Harrison, supposes the alleged “three brothers” for ….

It was a time of religious and political turmoil when John Scudder grew up in western Kent, England, between the power centers of British political and ecclesiastical might, at London and Canterbury. John Scudder was the nephew of one of the most widely known Christian authors and reform-minded ministers in England, Rev. Henry Scudder.

In the sense of being “the first to do a particular thing.” Elizabeth Scudder, the daughter of John Scudder and Mary (King) Scudder, was a “pioneer” among American Scudders when she was the first to marry into a Dutch New Netherland family. Her husband was John2 Alburtus whose parents were Pietro1 Alberti and Judith Jans Manje, documented in New Netherland by 1635 and 1642 respectively

If our cousin, Stewart Lee Udall could see the environmental degradation happening to our planet today, he would roll over in his grave. But he would not be surprised. He saw it coming. He predicted it. He warned that if we didn’t take action, this would happen!  But Stewart took action. He spent a lifetime of vigorous action and bold leadership in defense of the Earth and humanity’s future.

In 1969, Stewart Udall departed his post as Secretary of the Department of the Interior, when President Johnson left office, but continued to be a tireless advocate of civil rights, social change and environmental stewardship.

This is the most important letter I will ever write. It concerns your future—and the tomorrows of the innumerable human beings who share this vulnerable, fragile planet with you.
It involves changes that must be made if environmental disasters are to be avoided. The response to this challenge will shape the future of the entire human race.

Levi Stewart’s journals were lost in a tragic fire, so these recollections about his life are taken primarily from accounts by his children and grandchildren. A few other sources have been added to provide historical context, including connecting him to his Scudder ancestry.

During his lifetime, Levi Stewart was blessed with three strong, steadfast, faith-filled wives, so consecrated to God that they were willing to bear the hardships of pioneering not only in new frontier settlements but in pioneering also of a new 19th century religion that they believed was a restoration of Jesus Christ’s ancient Christian church with its spiritual power and authority.

Margery (Wilkerson) Stewart was born in Jackson County, Indiana on 16 Nov 1832. According to his tombstone, her father, Thomas Wilkerson, was born on 17 January 1797. In other records, his birthplace is given as Richmond, Madison, Kentucky.[1] In Muhlenberg, Kentucky, on October 1817, Thomas Wilkerson married his first wife Effie Forehand

Stories of Artemacy (Wilkerson) Stewart’s life, along with tributes to her remarkable character, are preserved in histories written by her posterity, all of whom describe her as a saintly woman who ministered in extraordinary ways to her large family and to her community.

When David King Udall met Eliza Luella (Ella) Stewart, he says it was love at first sight. David K. Udall confides this fact in his autobiography that he wrote collaboratively with his eldest daughter Pearl,

Major John Wesley Powell’s first expedition had taken them through Kanab in 1870 on their way to explore the Colorado River. In the winter of 1871–1872, Powell’s second expedition, returned again. Powell had begun the project in the spring of 1869 but had “lost one of their four boats loaded with equipment and food, and the trip turned into a race with starvation.

On this the 20-year anniversary of the Levi Stewart Memorial Park, with this article, this Summer/Fall 2021 issue of the Scudder Family Historical and Biographical Journal pays tribute to Scudder descendant, Levi Stewart, and the Stewart branch of the Scudder family who has a rich history of “service to others.”

The early immigrant Scudders and missionary-minded Scudders featured in this issue had unique opportunities to engage with people of other races, ethnicities, cultures, religions and politics that were different than their own. They moved to different countries or colonies where they were considered the strangers by those who were already present.

Not much is known about Samuel3 Scudder, (known hereafter as Samuel I), oldest son of John2 and grandson of Thomas1 (T).  He does not appear in the baptismal records of the Salem Church so he must have been born about 1643 in Salem, Massachusetts because his younger brother John3 was born in 1645 according to his marriage record, and his parents joined the church in 1647. His three sisters’ baptismal records are after that date.

In the 1880s, there were so many Scudder missionaries in India, that family members began being sent to mission fields elsewhere.  Doremus Scudder M.D., D.D., 1858–1942, was in Niigata, Japan from 1885 to 1889

 An early writer on Japan said the people were as different from us as if they had dropped from the planet Mars. It is interesting to note that in Japan a common word for foreigner is “i-jin” – the Different Man. If they seem different to us, is it strange if we seem different to them? We write in horizontal lines, they in perpendicular columns; we read from left to right; they from right to left; we say, “The man went to Yokohama”; they say, “Yokohama to went man”. Using the saw and plane, we push the tool from us; they draw it toward them. On the summit of Fujiyama there is a bubbling spring of water. What, are even the mountains upside-down. Which of us really is the different man?

In this issue we spotlight Dr. John and Harriet Scudder and their son Dr. Silas D. Scudder, founder of Scudder Memorial Hospital at Ranipet, India and granddaughter Dr. Ida S. Scudder, founder of Christian Medical College at Vellore.

Dr. John Scudder sailed with his wife Harriet and their two-year old daughter, Maria, in June 1819 from Boston on the sailing vessel, Indus, bound for Calcutta, India. He was the first medical missionary sent out by the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, and, in fact, was the first medical missionary from any country to stay more than two years

One little known story is the tender reunion of Harriet (Waterbury) Scudder with her sister Catherine (Waterbury) (Carman) Winslow who came to India as Miron Winslow’s second wife. This account also shines the spotlight on Harriet (Waterbury) Scudder whose contribution to the mission effort and to the family deserves more notice.

‘’Illay,* Amma,’ the brahmin replied proudly. ‘I would not think of having a man deliver my wife: I would rather that she should die than be seen by another man. If you cannot come, I must lose her.’ Ida had pled with the husband to let her father, Dr. John, deliver the baby, but to no avail. She had even offered to go with them and do what she could under her father’s direction, but the Brahmin was adamant. She had no medical training: she was forced to let this husband go without aid for his dying wife.

We include a separate artifacts article with newspaper clippings to show honors paid to Dr. Ida on the 100th anniversary of her birth, fifty years ago.

There is much to consider about the preparation and trials that were required of the Scudder missionaries to India, and other missionaries in the family to other mission locations around the globe. Dr. John Scudder’s brother-in-law Jared Bell Waterbury and Dr. John’s son Henry Martyn Scudder have preserved some of these.

What does a monument to a haystack have to do with members of the Scudder family offering over a thousand years of service (in a total of combined years served) to the people of India, Hawaii, Japan, China, South Africa and Arabia?

Stories about faith-filled, courageous ancestors can strengthen us when we too are faced with extraordinary adversities. For generations, Rev. John Scudder, M.D. and his wife Harriet W. Scudder have inspired many for their unflinching service in Sri Lanka and India. Dr. Scudder was a pioneer medical missionary in Ceylon and India.

The first document to prove that Thomas Scudder (T) of Horton Kirby, Kent, England was in America is dated 25 December 1637 and is found on the Salem, Massachusetts Town Records under Land Grants, B. Records in England show that Thomas Scudder…

The year 2019 is also the bicentennial year of the first of the four Lathrop/Scudder missionaries to enter service to Ceylon. We honor them and their exceptional family with several articles in this December 2019 issue of the Scudder Family Historical & Biographical Journal.

The Lathrop sisters’ parents’ heritage begins with Rev. John1 Lothrop who fled from England’s persecutors and from his incarceration for his religion, arriving in Massachusetts in 1634. (In order to promote the accurate biographical data for Rev. John Lothrop and his family,

E. B. Huntington, who gives an insider view of the Lothrop/Lathrop families involved, notes: Samuel2 Lathrop married “Nov. 28, 1644, Elizabeth Scudder, who had been dismissed from the church in Boston Nov. 10, 1644, to remove her church relation to that in Barnstable. She is reported in Savage as a sister to that John Scudder who was in Barnstable in 1640

 In this issue of our online Journal, we continue our series of articles to clarify and correct the history of the three sons of Henry Scudder, Yeoman of Horton Kirby, Kent (read Our Story begins with Henry Skudder (Scudder) Yeoman).

“Thomas1 Scudder (T)” is the way the Scudder Association Foundation refers to the original immigrant ancestor of the Scudder (T) line in America. This designation serves to differentiate the many thousands of Thomas1 (T)’s posterity from those of his nephew John2 (J)’s line.